Teraching Reading Skill

Strategies for Developing Reading Skills

Using Reading Strategies

Language instructors are often frustrated by the fact that students do not automatically transfer the strategies they use when reading in their native language to reading in a language they are learning. Instead, they seem to think reading means starting at the beginning and going word by word, stopping to look up every unknown vocabulary item, until they reach the end. When they do this, students are relying exclusively on their linguistic knowledge, a bottom-up strategy. One of the most important functions of the language instructor, then, is to help students move past this idea and use top-down strategies as they do in their native language.

Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their reading behavior to deal with a variety of situations, types of input, and reading purposes. They help students develop a set of reading strategies and match appropriate strategies to each reading situation.

Misteri Kotak Amal Yang Hilang

Tiga bulan yang lalu tepatnya ketika ane masuk ke musholla yang tertempel tulisan yang saat ini anda baca, iseng  terbersit keinginan untuk memasukkan receh sisa uang makan ku di kantin bonex di samping Lab. Computer.

Maaf bukannya riya atau pamer harta, karena memang saat itu hanya receh yang tersisa. Siang itu selepas sholat lohor, ku cari kotak amal yang biasa menunggu jamaah di belakang pintu musholla. …..Klonteeng,riuh nya mengenai kaca, jumlahnya tak seberapa, tapi suaranya terdengar kemana – mana. Sekali lagi tulisan ini tak pernah mengajarkan riya, karna sebaik-baiknya tangan, biar kan kanan yang berderma dan jangan biarkan kirimu melihatnya.

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

1. DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE

Since its introduction to modern science the term 'discourse' has taken various, sometimes very broad, meanings. In order to specify which of the numerous senses is analyzed in the following dissertation it has to be defined. Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here.

There is no agreement among linguists as to the use of the term discourse in that some use it in reference to texts, while others claim it denotes speech which is for instance illustrated by the following definition: "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses.